app.py

import os
import numpy as np
import torch
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import gradio as gr
import io
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import spaces
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional, Tuple
from ultralytics import YOLO

from detection_model import DetectionModel
from color_mapper import ColorMapper
from visualization_helper import VisualizationHelper
from evaluation_metrics import EvaluationMetrics
from style import Style


color_mapper = ColorMapper()
model_instances = {}

@spaces.GPU
def process_image(image, model_instance, confidence_threshold, filter_classes=None):
    """
    Process an image for object detection
    
    Args:
        image: Input image (numpy array or PIL Image)
        model_instance: DetectionModel instance to use
        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for detection
        filter_classes: Optional list of classes to filter results
        
    Returns:
        Tuple of (result_image, result_text, stats_data)
    """
    # initialize key variables
    result = None
    stats = {}
    temp_path = None
    
    try:
        # update confidence threshold
        model_instance.confidence = confidence_threshold
        
        # processing input image
        if isinstance(image, np.ndarray):
            # Convert BGR to RGB if needed
            if image.shape[2] == 3:
                image_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
            else:
                image_rgb = image
            pil_image = Image.fromarray(image_rgb)
        elif image is None:
            return None, "No image provided. Please upload an image.", {}
        else:
            pil_image = image
        
        # store temp files
        import uuid
        import tempfile
        
        temp_dir = tempfile.gettempdir()  # use system temp directory
        temp_filename = f"temp_{uuid.uuid4().hex}.jpg"
        temp_path = os.path.join(temp_dir, temp_filename)
        pil_image.save(temp_path)
        
        # object detection
        result = model_instance.detect(temp_path)
        
        if result is None:
            return None, "Detection failed. Please try again with a different image.", {}
        
        # calculate stats
        stats = EvaluationMetrics.calculate_basic_stats(result)
            
        # add space calculation
        spatial_metrics = EvaluationMetrics.calculate_distance_metrics(result)
        stats["spatial_metrics"] = spatial_metrics
        
        if filter_classes and len(filter_classes) > 0:
            # get classes, boxes, confidence
            classes = result.boxes.cls.cpu().numpy().astype(int)
            confs = result.boxes.conf.cpu().numpy()
            boxes = result.boxes.xyxy.cpu().numpy()
            
            mask = np.zeros_like(classes, dtype=bool)
            for cls_id in filter_classes:
                mask = np.logical_or(mask, classes == cls_id)
    
            filtered_stats = {
                "total_objects": int(np.sum(mask)),
                "class_statistics": {},
                "average_confidence": float(np.mean(confs[mask])) if np.any(mask) else 0,
                "spatial_metrics": stats["spatial_metrics"]  
            }
            
            # update stats 
            names = result.names
            for cls, conf in zip(classes[mask], confs[mask]):
                cls_name = names[int(cls)]
                if cls_name not in filtered_stats["class_statistics"]:
                    filtered_stats["class_statistics"][cls_name] = {
                        "count": 0,
                        "average_confidence": 0
                    }
                
                filtered_stats["class_statistics"][cls_name]["count"] += 1
                filtered_stats["class_statistics"][cls_name]["average_confidence"] = conf
            
            stats = filtered_stats
        
        viz_data = EvaluationMetrics.generate_visualization_data(
            result, 
            color_mapper.get_all_colors()
        )
        
        result_image = VisualizationHelper.visualize_detection(
            temp_path, result, color_mapper=color_mapper, figsize=(12, 12), return_pil=True
        )
        
        result_text = EvaluationMetrics.format_detection_summary(viz_data)
        
        return result_image, result_text, stats
        
    except Exception as e:
        error_message = f"Error Occurs: {str(e)}"
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()  
        print(error_message)
        return None, error_message, {}
    
    finally:
        if temp_path and os.path.exists(temp_path):
            try:
                os.remove(temp_path)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Cannot delete temp files {temp_path}: {str(e)}")

def format_result_text(stats):
    """Format detection statistics into readable text"""
    if not stats or "total_objects" not in stats:
        return "No objects detected."
        
    lines = [
        f"Detected {stats['total_objects']} objects.",  
        f"Average confidence: {stats.get('average_confidence', 0):.2f}",
        "",
        "Objects by class:",
    ]
    
    if "class_statistics" in stats and stats["class_statistics"]:
        # Sort classes by count
        sorted_classes = sorted(
            stats["class_statistics"].items(),
            key=lambda x: x[1]["count"],
            reverse=True
        )
        
        for cls_name, cls_stats in sorted_classes:
            lines.append(f"• {cls_name}: {cls_stats['count']} (avg conf: {cls_stats.get('average_confidence', 0):.2f})")
    else:
        lines.append("No class information available.")
    
    return "\n".join(lines)

def get_all_classes():
    """Get all available COCO classes"""
    try:
        class_names = model.class_names
        return [(idx, name) for idx, name in class_names.items()]
    except:
        # Fallback to standard COCO classes
        return [
            (0, 'person'), (1, 'bicycle'), (2, 'car'), (3, 'motorcycle'), (4, 'airplane'),
            (5, 'bus'), (6, 'train'), (7, 'truck'), (8, 'boat'), (9, 'traffic light'),
            (10, 'fire hydrant'), (11, 'stop sign'), (12, 'parking meter'), (13, 'bench'), 
            (14, 'bird'), (15, 'cat'), (16, 'dog'), (17, 'horse'), (18, 'sheep'), (19, 'cow'),
            (20, 'elephant'), (21, 'bear'), (22, 'zebra'), (23, 'giraffe'), (24, 'backpack'),
            (25, 'umbrella'), (26, 'handbag'), (27, 'tie'), (28, 'suitcase'), (29, 'frisbee'),
            (30, 'skis'), (31, 'snowboard'), (32, 'sports ball'), (33, 'kite'), (34, 'baseball bat'),
            (35, 'baseball glove'), (36, 'skateboard'), (37, 'surfboard'), (38, 'tennis racket'), 
            (39, 'bottle'), (40, 'wine glass'), (41, 'cup'), (42, 'fork'), (43, 'knife'),
            (44, 'spoon'), (45, 'bowl'), (46, 'banana'), (47, 'apple'), (48, 'sandwich'), 
            (49, 'orange'), (50, 'broccoli'), (51, 'carrot'), (52, 'hot dog'), (53, 'pizza'),
            (54, 'donut'), (55, 'cake'), (56, 'chair'), (57, 'couch'), (58, 'potted plant'), 
            (59, 'bed'), (60, 'dining table'), (61, 'toilet'), (62, 'tv'), (63, 'laptop'),
            (64, 'mouse'), (65, 'remote'), (66, 'keyboard'), (67, 'cell phone'), (68, 'microwave'), 
            (69, 'oven'), (70, 'toaster'), (71, 'sink'), (72, 'refrigerator'), (73, 'book'),
            (74, 'clock'), (75, 'vase'), (76, 'scissors'), (77, 'teddy bear'), (78, 'hair drier'), 
            (79, 'toothbrush')
        ]

def create_interface():
    """創建 Gradio 界面"""
    
    css = Style.get_css()

    # get model info
    available_models = DetectionModel.get_available_models()
    model_choices = [model["model_file"] for model in available_models]
    model_labels = [f"{model['name']} - {model['inference_speed']}" for model in available_models]
    
    # classes option
    available_classes = get_all_classes()
    class_choices = [f"{id}: {name}" for id, name in available_classes]
    
    # create blocks area
    with gr.Blocks(css=css, theme=gr.themes.Soft(primary_hue="teal", secondary_hue="blue")) as demo:
        # Header
        with gr.Group(elem_classes="app-header"):
            gr.HTML("""
                <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">
                    <h1 class="app-title">VisionScout</h1>
                    <h2 class="app-subtitle">Detect and identify objects in your images</h2>
                    <div class="app-divider"></div>
                </div>
            """)

        current_model = gr.State("yolov8m.pt")  # use medium size as default
        
        # 主要內容區 - 輸入和輸出面板
        with gr.Row(equal_height=True):
            # 左側 - 輸入控制區
            with gr.Column(scale=4, elem_classes="input-panel"):
                with gr.Group():
                    gr.Markdown("<div style='text-align: center;'>### Upload Image</div>")
                    image_input = gr.Image(type="pil", label="Upload an image", elem_classes="upload-box")
                    
                    with gr.Accordion("Advanced Settings", open=False):
                        with gr.Row():
                            model_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(
                                choices=model_choices,
                                value="yolov8m.pt",  
                                label="Select Model",
                                info="Choose different models based on your needs for speed vs. accuracy"
                            )
                        
                        # 顯示模型資訊
                        model_info = gr.Markdown(DetectionModel.get_model_description("yolov8m.pt"))

                        confidence = gr.Slider(
                            minimum=0.1, 
                            maximum=0.9, 
                            value=0.25, 
                            step=0.05, 
                            label="Confidence Threshold",
                            info="Higher values show fewer but more confident detections"
                        )
                        
                        with gr.Accordion("Filter Classes", open=False):
                            # 常見物件類別快速選擇按鈕
                            gr.Markdown("<div style='text-align: center;'>Common Categories</div>")
                            with gr.Row():
                                people_btn = gr.Button("People", size="sm")
                                vehicles_btn = gr.Button("Vehicles", size="sm")
                                animals_btn = gr.Button("Animals", size="sm")
                                objects_btn = gr.Button("Common Objects", size="sm")
                            
                            # 類別選擇下拉框
                            class_filter = gr.Dropdown(
                                choices=class_choices,
                                multiselect=True,
                                label="Select Classes to Display",
                                info="Leave empty to show all detected objects"
                            )
                    
                    # 偵測按鈕
                    detect_btn = gr.Button("Detect Objects", variant="primary", elem_classes="detect-btn")
                
                # 使用說明區
                with gr.Group(elem_classes="how-to-use"):
                    gr.Markdown("<div style='text-align: center;'>### How to Use</div>")
                    gr.Markdown("""
                    1. Upload an image or use the camera
                    2. Adjust confidence threshold if needed
                    3. Optionally filter to specific object classes
                    4. Click "Detect Objects" button
                    
                    The model will identify objects in your image and display them with bounding boxes.
                    
                    **Note:** Detection quality depends on image clarity and object visibility. The model can detect up to 80 different types of common objects.
                    """)
            
            # 右側 - 結果顯示區
            with gr.Column(scale=6, elem_classes="output-panel"):
                with gr.Tabs(elem_classes="tabs"):
                    with gr.Tab("Detection Result"):
                        result_image = gr.Image(type="pil", label="Detection Result")
                        result_text = gr.Textbox(label="Detection Details", lines=10)
                    
                    with gr.Tab("Statistics"):
                        with gr.Row():
                            with gr.Column(scale=1):
                                stats_json = gr.JSON(label="Full Statistics")
                            
                            with gr.Column(scale=1):
                                gr.Markdown("<div style='text-align: center;'>### Object Distribution</div>")
                                plot_output = gr.Plot(label="Object Distribution")
        
        detect_btn.click(
            fn=lambda img, model, conf, classes: process_and_plot(img, model, conf, classes),
            inputs=[image_input, current_model, confidence, class_filter],
            outputs=[result_image, result_text, stats_json, plot_output]
        )

        model_dropdown.change(
            fn=lambda model: (model, DetectionModel.get_model_description(model)),
            inputs=[model_dropdown],
            outputs=[current_model, model_info]
        )
        
        # 快速類別過濾按鈕
        people_classes = [0]  # people
        vehicles_classes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]  # cars
        animals_classes = list(range(14, 24))  # COCO dataset animal
        common_objects = [41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 67, 73, 74, 76]  # common things
        
        people_btn.click(
            lambda: [f"{id}: {name}" for id, name in available_classes if id in people_classes],
            outputs=class_filter
        )
        
        vehicles_btn.click(
            lambda: [f"{id}: {name}" for id, name in available_classes if id in vehicles_classes],
            outputs=class_filter
        )
        
        animals_btn.click(
            lambda: [f"{id}: {name}" for id, name in available_classes if id in animals_classes],
            outputs=class_filter
        )
        
        objects_btn.click(
            lambda: [f"{id}: {name}" for id, name in available_classes if id in common_objects],
            outputs=class_filter
        )
        
        example_images = [
            "room_01.jpg",
            "street_01.jpg",
            "street_02.jpg",
            "street_03.jpg"
        ]
        
        # add expample images
        gr.Examples(
            examples=example_images,
            inputs=image_input,
            outputs=None,  
            fn=None,  
            cache_examples=False,  
        )
        
        # footer
        gr.HTML("""
            <div class="footer">
                <p>Powered by YOLOv8 and Ultralytics • Created with Gradio</p>
                <p>Model can detect 80 different classes of objects</p>
            </div>
        """)
    
    return demo

@spaces.GPU
def process_and_plot(image, model_name, confidence_threshold, filter_classes=None):
    """
    Process image and create plots for statistics
    
    Args:
        image: Input image
        model_name: Name of the model to use
        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for detection
        filter_classes: Optional list of classes to filter results
        
    Returns:
        Tuple of (result_image, result_text, stats_json, plot_figure)
    """
    global model_instances
    
    if model_name not in model_instances:
        print(f"Creating new model instance for {model_name}")
        model_instances[model_name] = DetectionModel(model_name=model_name, confidence=confidence_threshold, iou=0.45)
    else:
        print(f"Using existing model instance for {model_name}")
        model_instances[model_name].confidence = confidence_threshold
    
    class_ids = None
    if filter_classes:
        class_ids = []
        for class_str in filter_classes:
            try:
                # Extract ID from format "id: name"
                class_id = int(class_str.split(":")[0].strip())
                class_ids.append(class_id)
            except:
                continue
    
    # execute detection
    result_image, result_text, stats = process_image(
        image, 
        model_instances[model_name], 
        confidence_threshold, 
        class_ids
    )
    
    # create stats table
    plot_figure = create_stats_plot(stats)
    
    return result_image, result_text, stats, plot_figure

def create_stats_plot(stats):
    """
    Create a visualization of statistics data
    
    Args:
        stats: Dictionary containing detection statistics
        
    Returns:
        Matplotlib figure with visualization
    """
    if not stats or "class_statistics" not in stats or not stats["class_statistics"]:
        # Create empty plot if no data
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
        ax.text(0.5, 0.5, "No detection data available", 
                ha='center', va='center', fontsize=12)
        ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
        ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
        ax.axis('off')
        return fig
    
    # preparing visualization data
    viz_data = {
        "total_objects": stats.get("total_objects", 0),
        "average_confidence": stats.get("average_confidence", 0),
        "class_data": []
    }
    
    # get current model classes
    # This uses the get_all_classes function which should retrieve from the current model
    available_classes = dict(get_all_classes())
    
    # process class data
    for cls_name, cls_stats in stats.get("class_statistics", {}).items():
        # search for class ID
        class_id = -1
        
        # Try to find the class ID from class names
        for id, name in available_classes.items():
            if name == cls_name:
                class_id = id
                break
        
        cls_data = {
            "name": cls_name,
            "class_id": class_id,
            "count": cls_stats.get("count", 0),
            "average_confidence": cls_stats.get("average_confidence", 0),
            "color": color_mapper.get_color(class_id if class_id >= 0 else cls_name)
        }
        
        viz_data["class_data"].append(cls_data)
    
    # Sort by count in descending order
    viz_data["class_data"].sort(key=lambda x: x["count"], reverse=True)
    
    return EvaluationMetrics.create_stats_plot(viz_data)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import time
    
    demo = create_interface()
    demo.launch()